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| CASE REPORT |
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| Year : 2016 | Volume
: 21
| Issue : 2 | Page : 136-137 |
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Deep vein thrombosis associated with long-term use of risperidone
Kuldeep Singh Yadav, Amit Nijhawan, Madhu Nijhawan
Department of Psychiatry, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| Date of Web Publication | 4-Nov-2016 |
Correspondence Address:
Madhu Nijhawan
2Ka17, Jawahar Nagar, Jaipur - 302 004, Rajasthan
India
 Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None  | Check |
DOI: 10.4103/0971-8990.193436
There are increasing number of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) cases that are associated with the use of atypical antipsychotics. We are presenting a case report of a female patient who suffered from DVT. She was a known case of schizophrenia and was on risperidone 4 mg for the last 5 years. She had good physical health before that and there were no known risk factors for DVT. The family history of DVT was also found to be negative. She was managed by intravenous heparin followed by oral warfarin and amisulpride 100 mg/day. Atypical antipsychotics can induce DVT, and psychiatrist should be careful about it. Keywords: Deep vein thrombosis, long term use, risperidone
How to cite this article:
Yadav KS, Nijhawan A, Nijhawan M. Deep vein thrombosis associated with long-term use of risperidone. J Mental Health Hum Behav 2016;21:136-7 |
How to cite this URL:
Yadav KS, Nijhawan A, Nijhawan M. Deep vein thrombosis associated with long-term use of risperidone. J Mental Health Hum Behav [serial online] 2016 [cited 2023 Jun 4];21:136-7. Available from: https://www.jmhhb.org/text.asp?2016/21/2/136/193436 |
| Introduction | |  |
Venous thromboembolism (VTE), including deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), is a common medical condition and is the third leading cause of cardiovascular death. [1] Many risk factors for VTE have been confirmed, such as fracture, surgery, estrogen or oral contraceptives, increasing age, and active malignancy. [2],[3]
Risk of DVT is relatively more in patients with psychiatric illness rather than people who are mentally healthy. [4] The reasons for this finding may be manifold. Antipsychotics may induce pathological blood clotting via sedating the patients as well as reducing their motor activity. Antipsychotics also induce metabolic syndrome such as hyperprolactinemia and obesity. [5] Beside antipsychotics, a case of mirtazapine-associated DVT has also been reported. [6]
In this report, the case of a female patient admitted to the surgery ward who developed DVT after the long use of risperidone is presented.
| Case Report | | |
A 48-year-old Hindu female patient was admitted to the surgery ward of Mahatma Gandhi Hospital (MGH), Jaipur with complaints of severe pain in the left leg from the last 6 days associated with swelling at the pain site. She was a diagnosed case of schizophrenia and was on risperidone for 5 years. Initially, the dose of risperidone was 4 mg/day; however, for the last 3 years, it was reduced to 2 mg/day. She had good results with risperidone and became apparently asymptomatic with the treatment. She continued the treatment till the symptoms of DVT emerged 6 days before her admission in MGH. The patient suffered a relapse of her schizophrenic symptoms at the time of admission and was referred to the department of psychiatry MGH.
Mental status examination (MSE) at the time of admission revealed thought broadcast, ideas of reference, and thought reading by others.
On physical examination, tenderness was present over the left leg. On blood examination, HDL cholesterol was decreased, and D-dimer was increased.
Prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, blood sugar (random and fasting), glycated hemoglobin A 1 c, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, very low-density lipoprotein, triglyceride, T 3 , T 4 , thyroid-stimulating hormone, and rheumatic factor all were in normal range. Neuroimaging was not advised. Her body mass index was 24.6 and she was not taking any oral contraceptive.
On Doppler study of the left lower limb, it was found that superficial femoral vein, popliteal vein, and greater saphenous vein were thrombosed.
On the basis of above findings, the treating surgeon made the diagnosis of DVT.
No case of DVT was reported in family members.
She was started on intravenous heparin followed by oral warfarin. Risperidone was stopped, and amisulpride 50 mg/day and clonazepam 0.5 mg/day were started. The dose of amisulpride was increased up to 100 mg/day.
The patient was discharged, in stable condition, from the hospital. At follow-up after 1 month, she was found asymptomatic on clinical assessment (MSE). No psychiatric rating scale was used. She felt better with amisulpride in comparison to risperidone.
| Discussion | | |
Zornberg and Jick [7] documented a significantly increased risk of VTE during treatment with first-generation antipsychotics and reported the highest incidence of events during the initial period of treatment.
Atypical antipsychotics have been associated with sedation, a more sedentary lifestyle, and weight gain, all of which are predisposing factors for VTE. [8]
Despite many possible explanations, the precise biological mechanisms for the development of VTE during treatment with antipsychotics remains unclear. [9]
Among the second generation antipsychotics, clozapine is an antipsychotic for which there is repeated pharmacoepidemiologic evidence of its relation to VTE. Based on the analysis, it was estimated that the incidence of VTE to be 1 in 2000-6000 individuals treated with clozapine for 1 year. [10]
Till 2013 the database identified a total of 438 reports of venous thromboembolic events with clozapine, nearly double of the next most commonly reported medications risperidone (283), and olanzapine (241). [11]
Yet, there are only a few case reports available for incidence of DVT in psychiatric patients who are using risperidone and most had developed DVT in first few months of starting the treatment. [12],[13] This case highlights the occurrence of rare but serious side effect associated with the long-term use of risperidone. Therefore, patients being treated with olanzapine and risperidone should be monitored clinically for VTE to ensure early detection and intervention, and a possible discontinuation of treatment with olanzapine and risperidone should be considered if the diagnosis of VTE is made. In the light of the previous studies [12] and with having the benefit of less weight gain among the second generation antipsychotics, [14] amisulpride was chosen as an antipsychotic in this patient for further treatment.
Financial support and sponsorship
Nil.
Conflicts of interest
There are no conflicts of interest.
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